Reference Standards

It is a metadata schema formalized in XML (DTD and later also XSD) used internationally to encode archival inventories, or more generally to describe archival complexes at any level. Conceived during the 1990s by the U.S. archival community, maintained by SAA under the auspices of the Library of Congress, it has set itself a twofold goal: i) to enable the retrieval in electronic format and online publication of inventories and other archival research tools that originated in analog media (legacy data) ii) to represent a normative reference model for research tools processed directly in digital format, keeping pace with contemporary thinking brought forward by the ICA in the development of ISAD standards.

It is a metadata schema formalized as XML in the late 1990s with the goal of making it possible to encode in XML format context information related to the description of entities (persons, families, entities) variously related to documentary material. The schema was devised by a working group that arose within the U.S. archival community that was already behind the development of EAD.

ICCD- OA is one of the catalographic models developed by the ICCD, for the acquisition of knowledge about the historical artistic heritage (goods and Works of Art); it defines tools and rules for implementing cataloging according to homogeneous criteria at the national level and includes: principles of method, regulations for data recording, terminological tools (vocabularies), and directions for documentation.

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is a consortium of international, linguistic and literary institutions that has developed a standard for the representation of texts in digital format. The purpose of the TEI is to develop and maintain a set of high-quality guidelines for encoding humanities texts and to support their use by institutions, project communities, and individuals.

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) is a theoretical and practical tool for information integration in the field of cultural heritage. CIDOC CRM provides definitions and a formal framework for describing implicit and explicit concepts and relationships used in cultural heritage documentation and of general interest for querying and exploring such data. Such models are also known as formal ontologies. These formal descriptions enable the integration of data from multiple sources in a schema- and software-agnostic manner.